Which innovation type pertains to changes in processes that lower costs for customers?

The innovation type that pertains to changes in processes aimed at lowering costs for customers is process innovation. This type of innovation focuses on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the methods used to produce goods or deliver services. By re-engineering these processes, organizations can reduce costs, streamline operations, and ultimately pass on savings to customers.

Process innovation often involves adopting new technologies, enhancing workflows, or implementing better resource management practices. These changes can lead to significant cost reductions, making it a key strategy for companies looking to stay competitive in their respective markets. In contrast, the other options like product, transformational, and institutional innovation do not specifically focus on the process improvements that directly relate to cost reduction for customers.